How to install Arch Linux on VirtualBox

Arch Linux is a Linux-based operating system that is designed for i689 and x86-64 computers. Its unique package manager is responsible for providing updates to the latest software applications using “pacman” with complete tracking. Pacman is the package manager that is used to install, update, and remove the software packages. It is designed entirely for free and open-source software, along with the support from the Linux community.

Arch Linux is also popular for having a comprehensive documentation in form of the community wiki known as ArchWiki. This Linux operating system is based on binary packages that are targeted for i832, 64-bit, and 32-bit systems and optimized for the best performance on modern hardware systems.

You can install Arch Linux directly to your home computer by following this guide but you can also install it on a virtual machine on your Windows computer by using VirtualBox.

Arch Linux Repositories

To install Arch Linux on Virtual Box, you must know the basic repositories of this Linux-based operating system. A repository is a storage location from where the software packages are retrieved during the installation process. There are multiple repositories available for Arch Linux, which are accessible via pacman and maintained by package maintainers. Here is a list of some of the basic repositories used to install Arch Linux on Virtual Box:

  • The core repository contains all the packages that are needed to setup the base system like booting Arch Linux and building packages.

  • The extra repository contains extra packages that do not fit in the core involving desktop environment.

  • The community repository has packages that are adopted by trusted Linux community users, and most of them will transfer to the core or extra repository.

  • The Multilib repository contains 32-bit software and libraries for 32-bit application installation on 64-bit system.

  • The testing repository contains packages that are destined for core or extra repositories.

  • The community-testing repository is for the Linux community.

  • The multilib testing repository is similar to the testing repository, but for multilib candidates.

  • The gnome-unstable repository has the latest GNOME desktop environment.

  • The kde-unstable repository contains the latest KDE software before they are been released.

Install Arch Linux on Virtual Box

Download Arch Linux

To install Arch Linux on Virtual Box, you must have the latest Arch Linux version that you can download from their official website. You can pick either the direct download option or torrent download, which is on a secure server. Before the installation, make sure you have 20 MB of free disk space and 1 GB of RAM in your system.

Download Arch Linux

Initializing Installation with Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager

Open the Oracle VM VirtualBox manager, click on new, and type in the name of the new operating system you want to create; in this case, it is Arch Linux. The system will automatically pick up the type and version of the Arch Linux, based on your system’s configuration. Click on next.

Open VirtualBox

Allocate the desired  RAM size to your new operating system, which is ideally 1024 MB. Click on next and then click on create, to create a virtual disk now.

Set RAM size

On the next page, you will be asked to select the type of hard disk file you want for your new operating system. Select VirtualBox Disk Image usually.

Select disk file type

Choose dynamically allocated and click next.

Allocate disk space dynamically

Allocate 20 GB hard disk file location and size.

Choose a hard disk size of 20GB

Now you can see that your Arch Linux operating system is created. Now you can click start.

Start the Virtual Machine

Click on 'browser' and select the startup disk, which you downloaded from the Arch Linux official website.

Choose Arch Linux Disk image

Browse for disk image file

Click on start and then open the full-screen view.

Open the full-screen view

Start the Arch Linux VM

Booting to Install Arch Linux on Virtual Box

You will see the first opening page of Arch Linux. Click on “Boot Arch Linux (x86_64), which is for 64-bit or click on “Boot Arch Linux (i686)”, which is for 32-bit.

Choose to boot Arch Linux

As soon as you click on the first option, the system will start booting. While it completes the temporary boot, we are basically moving into the live version and are logged in as root user.

Booting into Arch Linux live version

Check the Internet connection by typing in the following command.

ping google.com 

The word ping stands for packet internet gopher. You will soon see the response that means Arch Linux has activated the Internet connection. This is essential to perform certain installation steps.

Test internet connectivity with ping

Clear the command by typing

clear

Before we start the installation, you should partition your drive. Type # fdisk – l and you will see the current system’s disk partition. Focus on the 20 GB hard drives that you allocated to Arch in the beginning.

fsdisk -l

Partition the harddisk

Partition the hard disk

We are going to partition this 20 GB space into three partitions. The first one is the primary root partition that will be of 10 GB. The second will be the swap partition, which will be twice the initial RAM allocation that will be 2048 MB. The third will be the logical partition that will be 8 GB allocated.

Create 3 disk partitions

Type the command:

cfdisk

 You will see gpt, dos, sgi, and sun. Select the dos option and press enter.

Create a partition of type DOS

Here you will see the main disk space, which is 20 GB. To change this, press <enter> on the free space and type 10G.

Choose 10GB partition size

Press enter and then click on the “primary” partition.

Now select the “bootable” type by pressing enter on bootable.

Make partition bootable.

Go to write and press enter, to write partition to disk.

Write partition to disk

Then type yes to make the changes, successfully.

Confirm changes

Now the 10 GB partition is created. Click on free space and then enter the partition size of 2048 M.

Create the 2GB swap partition

Now follow the same steps to create the logical partition. Then press enter on quit and clear the command by typing

clear

quit cfdisk

Format the newly partitioned disk by typing:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

Here sda1 is the partition name. Repeat this for the second drive by typing:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 

and for the swap partition,

mkswap /dev/sda2

Format the swap partition with mkswap

Activate the swap by typing:

swapon /dev/sda2 

and clear the command by typing:

clear

Enable swap

Mount the primary partition to start the installation part by typing:

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/home
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/home

Mount the partitions

Bootstrap Arch Linux

Bootstrap the system by typing:

pacstrap /mnt base base-devel

You can see that it is synchronizing the data packages.

Bootstrap Arch Linux

The installation will start and will take a few minutes.

Arch Linux installation has been started

After the base installation create the fstab file by tying:

genfstab /mnt>> /mnt/etc/fstab 

Generating /etc/fstab

Configure locale, time and root password.

Change the system root to the Arch Linux installation directory by typing:

arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

 

Now to configure the language settings:

nano /etc/locale.gen

Set language in Arch Linux

Select the following language configuration (en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8) by deleting the # and pressing control + x, press y, and press enter.

select language

Now activate it by typing:

locale-gen

and press enter.

Generate the locales in Arch Linux

Create the  /etc/locale.conf file by typing:

nano /etc/locale.conf 

then press enter. Now you can add your language to the system by adding this line to the file:

LANG=en_US.UTF-8

 Then press control + x and press y, and press enter.

Set default language

Synchronize the zone information by typing:

ls /usr/share/zoneinfo

and you will find a list of all the zones of the world.

Set System language default

To select your zone, type:

ln –s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Kolkata /etc/localtime 

or you can select any name from the below list.

Set the time standard using the command.

hwclock --systohc --utc

And the hardware clock is synchronized.

Set time

Set the root user password by typing:

passwd 

And press enter. Then type your password and press enter.

Set the root password

Setup hostname and networking

Enter the host name of the network by typing:

nano /etc/hostname

and press enter. Now type any name and then press control + x and press y, and press enter.

Set the hostname

Enable the dhcpcd by typing:

systemctl enable dhcpcd

and it will be started at next boot time to fetch an IP address automatically.

Enable dhcpd

Install the Bootloader

The final step, initiate the grub installation. Type:

pacman –S grub os-prober

then press y and the download part will begin.

Configure grub

Install the grub boot loader to the hard disk by typing:

grub-install /dev/sda

and configure it:

grub-mkconfig –o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Install and configure grub boot loader

Finally, exit from chroot and then reboot the system by typing:

exit
reboot

and press enter.

Reboot the system

Boot into the installed ArchLinux operating system

Choose “Boot Existing OS” to boot Arch Linux on Virtual Box.

Boot Arch Linux

Login with your root name and password, and you will enter your new Arch Linux operating system.

Arch Linux installed successfully

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