How to Install Apache Maven on Debian 10
Apache Maven is a build automation and software project management tool, mainly used for Java projects. It uses a project object model (POM) to provide a uniform build system with consistent usage across all projects. Maven also delivers dependency management, extensibility through plugins, and integration with Git for managing releases. It can generate information about your project as well (an example of this can be found here).
In this tutorial, we will be installing Apache Maven on a Debian 10 system and testing it with a simple java application.
Requirements
- A Debian 10 instance on which you have access to the root user or a user with sudo privileges.
If using a sudo user, start and use a root shell for the length of this setup:
sudo -s
Step 1: Installing a JDK
Update your package index and install any updates with the commands:
apt update apt upgrade -y
Then install the default-jdk, wget, and git packages. The first provides a java-compatible development kit (OpenJDK 11), wget will be used to download Maven, and git is required for the testing step.
apt install -y default-jdk wget git
Maven requires the $JAVA_HOME environment variable to be set. You can set it system-wide with the following command:
echo "export JAVA_HOME=/lib/jvm/default-java" >> /etc/profile
Step 2: Installing Apache Maven
First, download and import the public keys used by the Apache Maven developers. These will be used to verify
cd /tmp wget https://www.apache.org/dist/maven/KEYS gpg --import KEYS && rm KEYS
Then browse to the Apache Maven Download Page and copy the latest download links for the "Binary tar.gz archive" format and its corresponding signature file. Download them as follows:
wget -O maven.tgz LINK.tar.gz wget -O maven.tgz.asc LINK.tar.gz.asc
For example:
wget -O maven.tgz https://www-eu.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-3/3.6.2/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz wget -O maven.tgz.asc https://www.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-3/3.6.2/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz.asc
And verify the signature using the following command. The signature should match one of keys imported earlier.
gpg --verify maven.tgz.asc maven.tgz
Make sure the resulting output contains Good signature before proceeding. For instance:
gpg: Signature made Tue 27 Aug 2019 05:10:12 PM CEST gpg: using RSA key BBE7232D7991050B54C8EA0ADC08637CA615D22C gpg: Good signature from "Enrico Olivelli <[email protected]>" [unknown]
Then unpack and move the resulting directory with:
tar -xzf maven.tgz rm maven.tgz* mv apache-maven* /opt/maven
Next, add the /opt/maven/bin directory to your $PATH environment variable:
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/opt/maven/bin" >> /etc/profile
Source /etc/profile to load the new environment variables with:
. /etc/profile
You should now be able to use maven. Try the following:
mvn -v
You should see an output similar to the following:
Apache Maven 3.6.2 (40f52333136460af0dc0d7232c0dc0bcf0d9e117; 2019-08-27T17:06:16+02:00) Maven home: /opt/maven Java version: 11.0.5, vendor: Debian, runtime: /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64 Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8 OS name: "linux", version: "4.19.0-6-amd64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
Step 3: Testing Maven
This step is optional.
We can try compiling a simple Hello World project with Maven to verify that it's working properly. Clone this Github repository with the following commands:
cd /tmp git clone https://github.com/nxnjz/java_maven_helloworld.git
Build the project with Maven:
cd java_maven_helloworld/ mvn package
The mvn package command runs each build phase in order up to the package phase. By default, this includes the following major phases: validate, compile, test, package. Upon success, it will exit with the following output:
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
We can now execute the compiled JAR:
java -cp target/hello-world-0.1.0.jar hello.HelloWorld
More Info
If you encounter issues while following this guide, please feel free to leave a comment below.
