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ACLs are a second level of discretionary permissions, that may override the standard ugo/rwx ones. When used correctly they can grant you a better granularity in setting access to a file or a directory, for example by giving or denying access to a specific user that is neither the file owner, nor in the group owner.

Spotify is probably the most popular streaming music service in the world right now, and it does have a native Linux client. Unfortunately, that client isn't available in the official Fedora repositories or the Spotify Linux repositories. The community has come to the rescue, though, and it is available from a popular third party Fedora repository that is even recommended by the Fedora Project.

People have wanted to download videos from YouTube since the very beginning. Several methods have worked over the years, but youtube-dl provides the most direct and reliable approach. Youtube-dl is a Python script that pulls videos straight from YouTube and can format them on your computer. It can also separate audio or subtitles from videos.

Python will let you know when you get your syntax wrong. It'll immediately fail and not allow your program to run. What about when your code has a different type of problem? Those are called exceptions, and they tend to be harder to catch. It's up to you to recognize situations where hey might come up and catch them to prevent your program from crashing altogether.

Hashcat is a robust password cracking tool that can help you recover lost passwords, audit password security, benchmark, or just figure out what data is stored in a hash. There are a number of great password cracking utilities out there, but Hashcat is known for being efficient, powerful, and full featured. Hashcat makes use of GPUs to accelerate hash cracking. GPUs are much better and handling cryptographic work than CPUs are, and they can be utilized in much greater numbers than CPUs.

Encrypting everything online is becoming more important by the day. Email is no different. For Linux users, the process is actually very simple with three common open source tools; Mozilla Thunderbird, Enigmail, and GNU PGP(GPG.) Through the use of these three tools, you can send and receive encrypted messages easily, and protect yourself and the people you're communicating with from attackers and privacy invasions.

For anyone looking to protect their privacy online, Tor is an invaluable tool. It is both one of the most reliable ways to hide your identity and one of the easiest to use. There are multiple different ways to use Tor, but the simplest and quickest is the Tor Browser bundle. It is a self-contained Tor installation coupled with a specially configured Firefox installation designed to get you up an running with as few hassles and as little configuration as possible.

Inheritance is yet another key concept in Object Oriented Programming, and it plays a vital role in building classes. It allows a class to be based off on an existing one. When you first started writing Python classes, you were told to just put "Object" in the parenthesis of the class definition and not think too much about it. Well, now's the time to start thinking about it.

What if you would be able to perform a data compression four times faster, with the same compression ratio as you normally do. Pbzip2 command line utility can easily accomplish this as it gives you an option to select number CPU and amount of RAM to be used during the compression process.

Rainbow Stream allows you to manage just about every aspect of your Twitter account from the command line. Yes, you did read that right. It's a full featured command line Twitter client written in Python. Chances are, you're falling into one of two camps right about now. If you're in the slightly insane one that thinks this is a good idea, stay tuned.

There are web forms all over the Internet. Even sites that don't usually allow regular users to log in probably have an admin area. It's important when running and deploying a site to make sure that the passwords gating access to sensitive controls and admin panels are as secure as possible.

Hail Hydra! Okay, so we're not talking about the Marvel villains here, but we are talking about a tool that can definitely do some damage. Hydra is a popular tool for launching brute force attacks on login credentials.

Wordlists are a key part of brute force password attacks. For those readers that aren't familiar, a brute force password attack is an attack in which an attacker uses a script to repeatedly attempt to log into an account until they receive a positive result. Brute force attacks are fairly overt and can cause a properly configured server to lock out an attacker or their IP.

Wireshark is just one of the valuable tools provided by Kali Linux. Like the others, it can be used for either positive or negative purposes. Of course, this guide will cover monitoring your own network traffic to detect any potentially unwanted activity.

Hosting Django web applications is fairly simple, though it can get more complex than a standard PHP application. There are a few ways to handle making Django interface with a web server. Gunicorn is easily one of the simplest.

Asciinema is a lightweight and very efficient alternative to a Script terminal session recorder. It allows you to record, replay and share your JSON formatted terminal session recordings. The main advantage in comparison to desktop recorders such as Recordmydesktop, Simplescreenrecorder, Vokoscreen or Kazam is that Asciinema records all standard terminal input, output and error as a plain ASCII text with ANSI escape code.

Privacy and security are becoming increasingly important topics. Though it's impossible to be 100% secure, there are measures that you can take, especially on Linux, to help defend your online privacy and security when browsing the web.

In case you haven't realized already, encryption is important. For the web, that means using SSL certificates to secure web traffic. Recently, Mozilla and Google have gone as far as to mark sites without SSL certificates as insecure in Firefox and Chrome. In order to bring the Web up to speed with encryption, the Linux Foundation along with the Electronic Frontier Foundation and many others created LetsEncrypt.

The objective is to change or fake an original network card's hardware MAC address. The following article will show how to change MAC address using macchanger on Kali Linux.

The objective is to install or replace existing PHP 5 with PHP 7 on CentOS 7 Linux server. As you will see, this procedure is fairly simple when using Remi Repository.