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UNIX file system fragmentation

Posted by Scott_Ruecker on · 1 comment
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In the Windows world file system fragmentation is usually handled by periodically using a defragmenting utility on the affected file system. UNIX vigorously attempts to prevent fragmentation from ever happening in the first place. In this respect Windows and UNIX are two completely different worlds. Those coming to UNIX from a Windows background often wonder where the defragmenting tool is.

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Comments (1)

The "Fragmentation" in NTFS comes from storing the disk block numbers as "extents" (first block number, number of blocks) rather than as individual block numbers as Berkeley FFS and EXT2/EXT3, right?

I mean, SGI had "EFS" in the late 80s, which was basically FFS which stored blocks in extents rather than the block number/indirect blocks/doubly-indirect blocks that FFS had at the time. SGI was dumb enough to include a nearly bug-free defragementer, and a default cron entry that ran it once a week, rather than doing an MSFT and originally releasing NT without a working defrag, or even a documented defragmentation interface.

"Fragments" in FFS (and I believe EXT2) are the smaller-than-a-single-block pieces that might exist at the end of a file. Files bigger than a certain number of bytes are guaranteed to be "fragmented" in the NTFS sense.

"Fragments" in NTFS are files that didn't get allocated in contiguous runs of blocks, so the file header has to have more than 1 extent in it, right?

This article misses that distinction entirely, and thus seems to me to get the whole thing wrong.

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